Upminster windmill, London 🌍


Upminster #2653

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NGR: TQ557868
(51.55790,0.24507)


Map/aerial photo of the area around the mill

Smock mill function:Corn mill - Restored to working order in 2016-2022, and since 2023 open to the public for tours 1 weekend a month.

Ipswich Journal, 23 June 1849
Alteration of the day of Sale
Of the following Valuable
FREEHOLD PROPERTY,
At Upminster, Essex.
From the 28th of June, postponed until THURSDAY, the 12th of July, when the Sale will positively take place, and the Property will be Sold by order of the Mortgager under a Power of Sale, without any reserve; Two thirds of the Purchase money may be had on Mortgage of the Vendor for 10 years if required, at 4 per cent.
Mr. COCKERELL
Has Instructions to SELL by PUBLIC AUCTION, at the Mart, opposite the Bank of England, on Thursday, July 12th, at 12 o'clock, in Six Lots.
Lot 1. A Desirable FREEHOLD ESTATE, part of BRIDGE FARM, in the high road of that much admired Village of Upminster, a situation truly eligible for a family residence, with a stream of water passing through the Estate, which consists of 36 Acres 3 Roods and 8 Perches of very choice Meadow Land, all lying within a ring fence, ornamented with fine thriving timber; there is a roomy farm-house, with large barn, outbuildings, and good farm yard, gardens, and premises, formerly occupied by W. Nokes, but now in hand.
Lot 2. Comprises a FREEHOLD ESTATE, consisting of 23A. 2R. 7P. of very choice Grazing Land, immediately opposite to Lot 1, with many delightful spots for Villas.
Lot 3. A very valuable FREEHOLD ESTATE, consisting of a most powerful Corn Windmill, with Steam Power and all its appendages, driving 5 pairs of stones, in all working order; with a comfortable Residence and Miller's Cottages, together with about 12 Acres of very rich Meadow Land, lying very contiguous to the former lots.
Lot 4. A FREEHOLD ESTATE, consisting of about 12 Acres of some of the best Meadow Land in the parish, adjoining the last Lot, with Two Brick-built Houses, one of which has a Baker's Shop, with an 8 BUSHEL OVEN, good Gardens and Orchard.
Lot 5. A very compact FREEHOLD ESTATE, consisting of a small Farm, about 21 Acres of choice Meadow and Arable Land, called Tadlows, delightfully situate on the high road of Upminster, (immediately facing the Rev. Mr. Clayton's beautiful Park,) with a comfortable Residence, good Gardens, large Barn, 3 Cottages, Farm-yard,&c.\ N.B. All the growing Timber and Fixtures of every description will be included in the respective Lots, and possession given on the completion of the purchase of all the above Lots.\ Lot 6. Comprises FIVE FREEHOLD COTTAGES, part of them adjoining the Bridge Farm, comprised in Lot 1, to which Lot it is presumed they will prove a valuable acquisition; all let, at rents amounting to about £36 per annum.\ May be viewed, and descriptive Particulars and Plans had of Messrs. Beddome and Weir, Solicitors, Nicholas Lane; of J. Towne, Esq., Solicitor, Devonshire-square, Bishopsgate; at the Auction Mart; at the principal Inns in Ilford, Romford, Brentwood, Billericay, Chelmsford, Colchester; at the "Bell Inn," of Mr. Joslin, Upminster; and at the Auctioneer's Offices, Blackman-street, London.
Essex Standard, 09 May 1856
UPMINSTER. NEAR HORNCHURCH, ESSEX.
Important Freehold Estates, FREE OF LAND-TAX,
COMPRISING VALUABLE BUILDING AND GRAZING LAND,
AND A VERY SUPERIOR/ CORN WINDMILL,
Attached to which is a capital Steam Engine, driving 6 pair of Stones (the supply of Water being on its own Grounds); together with a Messuage, Two Cottages, Granaries, Stowage, Stabling, and every convenience for the Trade; also 2 Brick-built Messuages, having
Baker's and Butcher's Shops,
WITH LARGE PRODUCTIVE GARDENS.
Mr. Champness
Respectfully announces that he has been favoured with Instructions to SELL by AUCTION, in 6 Lots, at the Auction Mart, Bartholomew Lane, London, on THURSDAY, May 15th, 1856, at Twelve for One o'clock, by direction of the Proprietors,
THAT extremely valuable and much admired Property, on the North side of the High Road, commencing at Incabourne Bridge, and encompassing together FORTY-SEVEN ACRES of Building and rich Grazing LAND; the frontages offering charming sites for the erection of Villa Residences, being situated in the pretty, rural, highly attractive, and genteel neighbourhood of Upminster; together with a substantial Corn Windmill, to which is a powerful Steam Engine, driving 6 pair of Stones; Dwelling-House, 2 Cottages, Granaries, and every appendage for the convenience of the Trade; and the engine is supplied with water from a pond on the land. Also 2 Brick-built MESSUAGES, with Baker's and Pork Butcher's Shops, each having large productive Gardens.
The above described property is all let to respectable tenants at the low rent of £210 per annum.
Particulars, with Lithographed Plans and Conditions of Sale, may be had 6 days prior thereto, at the Auction Mart, London; Bell Inn, Upminster; White Hart, Brentwood; Angel, Ilford; of Messrs. G. and E. HILLEARY, Solicitors, 5, Fenchurch Buildings, Fenchurch Street, London; and at the Offices of the Auctioneer, Abridge and Romford, Essex.
May be viewed any time preceding the Sale, by leave of the respective tenants.
Essex Newsman, 6 January 1900
SERIOUS MISHAP TO UPMINSTER WINDMILL.
DAMAGE £300.
On Friday evening, about 5.45, when the wind was blowing very strongly from the south, the massive cast-iron shaft of thirty-five hundredweight, to which the sails of Upminster windmill were attached, suddenly snapped off at the neck, and the four sails came down with a terrific crash, carrying away in their descent some 40 or 50 feet of the stage and smashing themselves into innumerable atoms of broken wood and ironwork, one portion lodging on the roof of the granary. Mr. J. A. Abraham, for whom much sympathy is felt, estimates his loss at not less than £300. Had the occurrence taken place but a few minutes later one of the flour carts with the man and horse would have been involved in the ruins. Should the mill - as appears not improbable - fail to be restored to its original state, Upminster will be deprived of one of its most picturesque objects, as every one familiar with the place knows. A tower mill of large dimensions, well proportioned, very symmetrical in shape and design, always kept in good trim, and standing in a conspicuous position, it was generally regarded as superior to any other windmill for many miles round. Since its erection in 1802-3 the mill has occasionally lost a sail or two, and in Sept., 1889, it sustained some injury from lightning, but nothing comparable to the present accident has previously occurred. There is some satisfaction in knowing that the business will be carried on as usual, steam power having been added to that of wind some eighty years ago.
Essex Times, 20 June 1900
UPMINSTER WINDMILL.
SINCE its original erection in 1803, Upminster Mill has been universally recognised as an object of exceptional picturesqueness and beauty, contributing largely to the pleasing character of the surrounding landscape. Its fine proportions are observable from every side, but perhaps best of all by the traveller who is approaching the neighbourhood from the west. From this quarter it can be very clearly seen, forming, as it does, the most conspicuous feature to attract the eye of everyone, mounted on the very top of the hill before him. These, however, are not the only reasons why the mill is an object of general interest, for from its automatic action in adapting itself to the various changes of the wind, it has been uniformly looked upon as the most reliable index to the point from which it blows.
But recently this windmill has been shorn of perhaps its chief beauty, for on the evening of the 29th of last December, through a defect in the casting, the massive iron shaft to which the sails were attached suddenly snapped off at the neck, and the four sails came down with a terrific crash, carrying away in their headlong descent some 40 or 50 feet of the staging, injuring other buildings, and smashing themselves into innumerable atoms of broken wood and iron work, and thereby involving Mr. John A. Abraham, the owner and occupier, in a loss of certainly not less than £200.
As this is an amount which Mr. Abraham is quite unable personally to raise, a gentleman, anxious to see the beauty of the village maintained, although but recently become acquainted with the place - Mr. H. E. Lester. of Leytonstone - has generously forwarded a cheque of £20 towards the reconstruction of the missing portions of the mill as before, and several others having intimated their desire to assist with the same object, Mr. Abraham has, at their request, determined to ask for a little more help, and it is with that view that the present appeal is made.\ Subscriptions may be sent to Mr. Abraham direct, or to Mr. T. L. Wilson, of Upminster, who, at the request of the former, has expressed his willingness to receive them on his behalf, and all, whether great or small, will be readily and gratefully acknowledged.
Upminster, May 24th, 1900.
This appeal appeared a number of times, with the subscriber list increasing over time. The most complete list I've found was Essex Times, 30 June 1900
SUBSCRIPTIONS.
......................... £ s d
Mr. H. E. Loster ..... 20 0 0
Mr. Henry Joslin, J.P., D.L. ..... 10 10 0
Mr. A. E. Williams ..... 5 5 0
Mr. S. Young ..... 5 0 0
Mr. J. A. Tawell ..... 5 0 0
Mr. Booth Harris ..... 5 0 0
Rev. A. M. Carter, B.A. ..... 5 0 0
Mr. Thos. Gardner, C.C. ..... 5 0 0
Rev. John Bradford ..... 2 0 0
Messrs. A. and W. Aste ..... 2 0 0
Mr. Charles Balls ..... 1 1 0
Mr. R. Clark ..... 1 1 0
Mrs. A. M. Surridge ..... 1 1 0
Mr. J. B. Gill ..... 1 1 0
Mr. J. W. Lasham ..... 1 1 0
Rev. Spurrier ..... 1 0 0
Rev. P. M. Holden ..... 1 0 0
Mr. Neat ..... 1 0 0
Mr. T. L. Wilson ..... 1 0 0
Mr. I. Gay ..... 1 0 0
Mr George Philpott ..... 1 0 0
Mr. Henry Robinson ..... 1 0 0
Mr. Henry Whitmore ..... 1 0 0
Mr. H. W. Vellacott ..... 1 0 0
Mr. C. Sturgeon ..... 1 0 0
Mr. John Wilson (New Place) ..... 1 0 0
Mr. W. J. Gay, J.P. ..... 1 0 0
Mr. W. W. Westley ..... 1 0 0
Mr. W. R. Way ..... 1 0 0
Mr. W. H. Rowe ..... 0 10 6
Mr. A. Moss ..... 0 10 0
Mr. C. H. Baker ..... 0 10 0
Mr. I Barrett ..... 0 5 0
Mr. Hy. Vellacott ..... 0 5 0
Mr. T. Watkins ..... 0 5 0
Essex Times, 19 August 1911
ALARMING OUTBREAK OF FIRE.
BOY SCOUTS' SPLENDID WORK.
On Tuesday morning a fire broke out in a meadow skirting Upminster Hill, and it soon assumed alarming dimensions, threatening with destruction The Bungalow, occupied by Mr. Buckley, and Upminster windmill, the property of Mr. J. A. Abrahams. The field is in the occupation of Mr. Abrahams, and it adjoins the London Tilbury and Southend Railway. It is believed the fire was caused by a spark from an engine, as it started close to the railway. Fortunately, the 2nd Westcliff Company of Boy Scouts, under Scoutmaster Rogers, were encamped in a meadow near the Bridge House Inn. The boys at once set to work to stay the progress of the flames, but for a time it seemed that they would not be successful, so rapidly did the fire spread. It was feared that the Bungalow and the windmill must become involved, but happily the fire was got under control when it had spread to within four yards of the tarred fence of the Bungalow and to within a few yards of two large haystacks. The boys carried pails of water from the Bungalow, and they also beat out the flames with wet sacks and spades. They were assisted by men employed by Mr. Abrahams and by P.C. Beasley, who rode his bicycle to the scene immediately on receiving information of the outbreak. About 100 yards of hedge, all the grass of the meadow, and a small plantation were destroyed. The Boy Scouts remained on the scene in case the outbreak was renewed.
Daily Mirror, 25 May 1937
YOU MAY BUY THIS 138-YEAR-OLD WINDMILL
Upminster Mill, which has only changed hands once since it was built in 1799, is in the market again.
For 135 years the mill and the acres of cornfields about it belonged to the Abrahams family, and for sixty-three years Mr. John A. Abrahams worked it himself.
Then in 1935 the windmill was sold to Mr. W. H. Simmons, of Highview-gardens, Upminster, who now wishes to sell it.
Chelmsford Chronicle, 8 April 1938
UPMINSTER MILL,
The Town and Country Planning Committee were pleased to report that the Order made by the Council in July for the preservation of the Upminster windmill had been approved, with modifications, by the Minister of Health and had become effective.
Cr. J. W Mathews asked if provision was made for the preservation of the amenities around the mill?
Cr. J. R Adams (chairman of the Committee) said that to buy a substantial area of land that was ripe for building as was the land around this mill would be a very costly matter, and in this connection they had done their best in regard to the preservation of the mill at the least expense.
Chelmsford Chronicle, 8 July 1938
UPMINSTER WINDMILL.
It was reported that the Order made by the Council under the Town and Country Planning Act, 1932 for the preservation of the Upminster Windmill, had been approved with modifications by the Minister of Health, and had become effective. The Planning Committee considered the Council, who were already liable to pay compensation to the owner, might properly undertake to purchase the mill. The District Valuer stated that the owner was prepared to sell the mill with a suitable curtilage for £475, plus costs and fees (subject also to other conditions), and the cost of reconditioning the mill was likely to amount to about £250. The committee recommended that, subject to the Commissioners of Works confirming that the windmill may be treated as an ancient monument, and subject to arrangements being made with the Hornchurch Urban Council, to provide or raise the funds required to put and keep the mill in a proper state of repair, and to undertake the management thereof, the County Council purchase the mill.- Agreed.
Chelmsford Chronicle, 7 October 1938
UPMINSTER WINDMILL. - It was reported that the purchase of this mill was proceeding, and a lease was granted for 999 years at a rental of 10/- per annum to the Hornchurch Urban Council.
Upminster reduced to 2 sails, after stock snapped in early 2007 storms, 9th Feb 2007
Upminster reduced to 2 sails, after stock snapped in early 2007 storms, 9th Feb 2007
Upminster, 1st April 2001
Essex Countryside magazine cover showing Upminster smock mill, issue May 1977
Essex Countryside
Essex Countryside magazine cover showing Upminster smock mill, issue April 1995
Essex Countryside
Essex Life magazine cover showing Upminster smock mill, issue Sept 2011
Essex Life
Mill ID 2653
Upminster, , 1986
© Ken Forrest Collection
Mill ID 2653
Upminster, , c1930s
© Alan Caston collection
Mill ID 2653
Upminster, , c1930s
© Alan Caston collection
Mill ID 2653
Upminster, ,
© Alan Caston collection
Mill ID 2653
Upminster, ,
© Alan Caston collection
[homepage]
Cross stitch pattern
Model T Ford in front of Upminster windmill
Hampshire Mills Group #85, Summer 2009

Entry in Mills Archive database - #2653 - Upminster Windmill, Upminster (has photos) Heritage Partner

Upminster windmill is a Grade II* listed mill built by a local farmer, James Nokes, in 1803.

The mill is considered to be one of the best remaining English smock mills, due to its quality and setting. The four storey, eight sided smock is built on a single storey brick base. It has a stage at first floor level for access to the sails. The mill started its life with common canvas covered sails but these were later replaced by double shutter patent sails. In 1811 a steam engine was installed in an adjacent building to increase productivity by driving an extra 2 pairs of millstones. The mill now has four pairs of French Burr millstones, a flour dresser and oat crusher. This building and the tall chimney were demolished in 1960.

After the death of James Nokes in 1838 the estate was passed to his son Thomas. Due to the great deal of money that had been spent on necessary improvements, the estate had been heavily mortgaged. As a result, in 1849 the whole estate was put up for auction. The mill site was bought for £2,000 by Ambrose Colson and shortly after sold privately to James Wadeson. In 1857 Wadeson offered the entire estate to Thomas Abraham for £1,900. Although Abraham could not raise this sum, he could afford to buy the windmill. The mill stayed in the hands of the Abraham family for around a century; the last miller at Upminster was Alfred Abraham who died in 1959 aged 95.

In 1937 the mill was again up for sale and was acquired by Essex County Council, who intended to demolish the mill. Fortunately before this could occur there was a public outcry, the Council were accused of vandalism and as a result reversed their decision.

The mill continued to work, producing flour up to 1910 and thereafter grinding animal feed until 1934, by which time it had become uneconomic to continue. The mill with its many outbuildings, including two mill houses, became derelict.

Sadly, the outbuildings of the mill were demolished by Essex County Council in 1960. Nevertheless the Council did arrange for repairs to the remaining mill to be undertaken. These repairs and the help of volunteers enabled the mill to open to the public in 1967.

In 2001 the Friends of Upminster Mill group was established, followed in 2004 by the Upminster Windmill Preservation Trust who were granted a thirty five year lease on the mill. In 2007 the mill sustained considerable damage in high winds and as a result two new sails were fitted in August 2008 by the millwright Vincent Pargeter.

The mill is due to start major repairs with help from recently acquired funding. This will bring the mill back to working order with a visitor and education training centre. Havering Council, in partnership with the Upminster Preservation Trust, have received funding for developing the final grant application from The Heritage Lottery Fund.

Upminster Windmill is run by the Upminster Preservation Trust.

Muggeridge Collection photos

[London Picture Archive]

Upminster Windmill [2023-07-13] - HD

Jim Osley

Upminster Windmill [2023-07-13] - HD

Jim Osley

Upminster Windmill [2022-10-23] - HD

N Chadwick

Upminster Windmill [2020-02-13] - HD

Stephen McKay

Repairs to Upminster Windmill [2019-05-11] - HD

JThomas

Rear view of Upminster Windmill [2013-09-07] - HD

Robert Lamb

Looking up at Upminster Windmill [2013-09-07] - HD

Robert Lamb

View over London from Upminster Windmill [2013-09-07] - HD

Robert Lamb

View over Upminster from the top floor of Upminster Windmill #2 [2013-09-07] - HD

Robert Lamb

View over Upminster from the top floor of Upminster Windmill [2013-09-07] - HD

Robert Lamb

View of the car park from the top floor of Upminster Windmill [2013-09-07] - HD

Robert Lamb

View of an excavation of the kitchen and basement of the miller's house at Upminster Windmill [2013-09-07] - HD

Robert Lamb

View of an excavation of the miller's house at Upminster Windmill [2013-09-07] - HD

Robert Lamb

View SE from the Mill [2013-06-04]

Des Blenkinsopp

View North from the Mill [2013-06-04] - HD

Des Blenkinsopp

Upminster Windmill [1966-06-05] - HD

Philip Jeffrey

Upminster Windmill [2011-10-10] - HD

Richard Dunn

Upminster windmill [2010-08-01] - HD

Phillip Perry

Upminster Windmill [2009-03-20]

Oxyman

Upminster Windmill [2009-03-20]

Oxyman

Upminster Windmill [2009-03-20]

Oxyman

Upminster Windmill [2009-03-20]

Oxyman

Upminster Windmill [1981-08-00]

Christine Matthews

Upminster Windmill [1981-08-00]

Christine Matthews

A windmill in the garden! [2006-04-05]

John Winfield

Upminster Windmill [2003-11-12]

Brian Gotts

Upminster Windmill, Upminster, Essex [2005-06-11]

John Winfield

Geograph images are licenced under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike licence
Listed Building, Grade II*: UPMINSTER WINDMILL (listed 1955-01-07)

Associated charity FRIENDS OF UPMINSTER WINDMILL CIO Website

Upminster,Mill 1908,Greater London
Upminster, Mill 1908
Reproduced courtesy of The Francis Frith Collection
,Upminster, the Windmill c1965, Essex,
Upminster, the Windmill c1965, Essex
Reproduced courtesy of The Francis Frith Collection
,Upminster, The Windmill c.1955,
Upminster, The Windmill c.1955
Reproduced courtesy of The Francis Frith Collection
,Upminster, the Windmill c1965, Essex,
Upminster, the Windmill c1965, Essex
Reproduced courtesy of The Francis Frith Collection
,Upminster, Composite c.1950,
Upminster, Composite c.1950
Reproduced courtesy of The Francis Frith Collection
,Upminster, the Windmill c1965, Essex,
Upminster, the Windmill c1965, Essex
Reproduced courtesy of The Francis Frith Collection
,Upminster, the Windmill c1965, Essex,
Upminster, the Windmill c1965, Essex
Reproduced courtesy of The Francis Frith Collection
,Upminster, the Windmill c1965, Essex,
Upminster, the Windmill c1965, Essex
Reproduced courtesy of The Francis Frith Collection
,Upminster, the Windmill c1965, Essex,
Upminster, the Windmill c1965, Essex
Reproduced courtesy of The Francis Frith Collection
,Upminster, the Windmill c1965, Essex,
Upminster, the Windmill c1965, Essex
Reproduced courtesy of The Francis Frith Collection
,Upminster, the Windmill c1965, Essex,
Upminster, the Windmill c1965, Essex
Reproduced courtesy of The Francis Frith Collection
,Upminster, the Windmill c1965, Essex,
Upminster, the Windmill c1965, Essex
Reproduced courtesy of The Francis Frith Collection
,Upminster, the Windmill c1965, Essex,
Upminster, the Windmill c1965, Essex
Reproduced courtesy of The Francis Frith Collection
,Upminster, the Windmill c1965, Essex,
Upminster, the Windmill c1965, Essex
Reproduced courtesy of The Francis Frith Collection
,Upminster, Composite c.1965,
Upminster, Composite c.1965
Reproduced courtesy of The Francis Frith Collection
,Upminster, from the Air 1934, Greater London,
Upminster, from the Air 1934, Greater London
Reproduced courtesy of The Francis Frith Collection
,Upminster, from the Air 1934, Greater London,
Upminster, from the Air 1934, Greater London
Reproduced courtesy of The Francis Frith Collection
,Upminster, from the Air 1934, Greater London,
Upminster, from the Air 1934, Greater London
Reproduced courtesy of The Francis Frith Collection

Essex Countryside references

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A Smartmolen equipped mill - dashboard

Wikipedia entry

[StreetView]
blipfoto images are copyright their individual photographers.
[stock]
Details from the English Windmills Photographic Register by Guy Blythman
smock mill
Photos: (1) Farries 5 (a) w/o (2) Farries 2
News item: Windmill Whirl-Off (15/9/25)
News item: Smartmolen - digital monitoring for traditional windmills (15/9/25)
News item: Flickr photostream of Upminster windmill (17/7/11)
News item: Upminster mill in action for National Mills Weekend (15/5/11)
News item: 3d model of Upminster windmill (20/2/11)
News item: Windmill photos by Alan Derwent Caston (18/3/10)
News item: flickr windmill photos taken on an iPhone (4/1/10)
News item: Mills on the English Heritage register of Buildings at Risk (19/7/09)
News item: New sails for Upminster mill (5/8/08)
News item: Follow up on gale damage (14/3/07)
News item: Upminster mill reduced to two sails (13/2/07)
News item: Upminster windmill broke a sail in the storms (29/1/07)
News item: Upminster mill in parade, and on TV (22/2/05)
News item: Mills open for London Open House weekend (14/9/04)
News item: Upminster windmill passed on 35 year lease to the Friends Trust (14/9/04)
News item: Bicentenary of Upminster windmill (14/7/03)
News item: Upminster windmill May 2003 newsletter (29/5/03)
News item: Upminster windmill January 2003 newsletter (17/2/03)

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Flickr images are copyright their individual photographers.
9 images courtesy of Tripadvisor.
2 Facebook images

Images from Historic England - hover over image to see copyright info, and to enable zoom
Upminster Windmill
St Marys Lane, Upminster, Havering, Greater London, RM14 2QH
18 Jun 2001 - Photograph (Digital)
From the Images of England project
International Mill Database Entry:
id 49136
name Upminster Windmill
drive power recent windmill
drive type recent sails
mill type smock mill
special construction octagonal; reefing stage
function type grain mill
condition type functional
map location 51.557925,0.245085
country United Kingdom
state England
county Greater London
municipality London
city Upminster
zip RM14 2QH
street St. Mary's Ln
description A large white 5-storey smock mill with reefing stage built c1803 and restored to working order c2020
logo detail
sails shuttered
website https://www.upminsterwindmill.org/
construction year 1803


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Last updated 17/02/2026 Text and images © Mark Berry, 1997-2026 -