Windmills of London 🌍


London is a fairly flexible term - the mills listed here are all within the current borders of the London boroughs, though a number were historically included in other counties.

Surviving mills

# photo id name location type condition maps
1 #2594   Arkley Tower mill Restored appearance, with 4 sails. Not open to the public. As of the 2020's increasingly showing signs of lack of maintenance, such as a missing fantail. NGR: TQ217953
2 #2617 Ashby's Mill Brixton Tower mill Subject to an extensive restoration in early 2011 and now regularly open to the public. New visitor centre constructed 2019-2020. NGR: TQ304744
3 #2618   Clerkenwell Tower mill truncated tower, within the former waterworks site, which is becoming the Quentin Blake Centre for Illustration. NGR: TQ312827
4 #2643   Erith Post mill part of the roundhouse wall, incorporated into a general boundary wall NGR: TQ502772
5 #2634   Keston Post mill conserved, occasionally open to the public NGR: TQ415641
6 #2612   Mitcham Common Hollow-post mill bare trestle remains, previously deteriorating rapidly, but now stabilized NGR: TQ292678
7 #2638   Plumstead Tower mill converted, providing accommodation above the Old Mill pub NGR: TQ448779
8 #2624   Shirley Tower mill restored and open to the public NGR: TQ355651
9 #2583   Twickenham tower mill Used as a nature and visitor centre by the London Wildlife Trust NGR: TQ129729
10 #2653   Upminster Smock mill Restored to working order in 2016-2022, and since 2023 open to the public for tours 1 weekend a month. NGR: TQ557868
11 #2606   Wandsworth Smock mill small mill, for pumping - no sails remaining
12 #2598   Wimbledon smock mill (previously hollow post mill) Much altered from its working appearance. Now a milling museum and regularly open. NGR: TQ230725

Historical mills

This table is selective, and probably far from comprehensive.

# photo id name location type condition maps
1 #11466   Barking Smock mill  
(51.53574,0.06905) (approximate location)
2 no
image
#11432   Barnes open trestle post mill  
(51.46997,-0.2401) (approximate location)
3 no
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    Battersea
Details [print]
4 #11433 Fowlers Mill Battersea horizontal mill  
(51.47745,-0.1730) (approximate location)
5 #10707   Blackheath Post mill  
6 no
image
#11457   Brixton Hill smock mill  
(51.44739,-0.1261) (approximate location)
7 no
image
    Bromley by Bow
Details
8 #11465   Camberwell post mill  
(51.48099,-0.0961) (approximate location)
9 #11463   Camberwell tower mill  
(51.48080,-0.0846) (approximate location)
10 no
image
#11439 Bree Kill mill Dulwich Post mill  
(51.44211,-0.0833) (approximate location)
11 #11525   Edmonton post mill  
(51.61889,-0.0807) (approximate location)
12 #12209   Enfield smock mill   NGR: TQ318967
(51.65301,-0.0977) (approximate location)
13 no
image
    Gravesend
Details [image]
14 no
image
#x2 Dalston Mill Hackney vertical axis mill, constructed from scaffolding poles, as an art project only temporary installation in summer 2009, dismantled after a few weeks
(51.54656,-0.0741)
15 no
image
    Hackney Marsh
Details

A very short lived mill - burnt down after just a few days Gloucester Journal, 14 January 1735

A new Windmill near Hackney-Marsh, which cost the Owner about 400l. building, and which had been at work there about 3 or 4 Days, took fire last Week, and was entirely consumed.

16 no
image
    Hadley
Details

Thomas Perry occupied it in 1734

A windmill existed in 1630: The history and antiquities of Enfield, in the county of Middlesex by William Robinson, 1823

In the survey of 1630, among other cottages presented by the Jury, in answer to the 27th article of the Commission, to be built within the said manor and Chase, within 20 years, contrary to the statute, are the following: ... "A cottage erected by William Pavey, alias Hale, in the said Chase near Hadley windmill, wherein he dwelleth, and keepeth victualling, without leave, it being a hole wherein he formerly used to sit and beg in."

[Old Bailey murder trail, 10th July 1734]
17 no
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#12289   Hornchurch post mill  
(51.55852,0.22550) (approximate location)
18 no
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  New Cattle Market Islington windmill pump
Details

Mechanics Magazine, no. 720, May 27, 1837

WINDMILL-PUMP IN THE ISLINGTON NEW CATTLE MARKET.
Sir, - Who is there amongst us that has not heard of Smithfield (or, as it is commonly called by its frequenters, Smif-feld), the scene of many a matchless deed in England's chequered history? It was here, in former times, that tilt, and tournament, and pageants, delighted the flower of the nobility of all Europe. It was here, the rebel Tyler fell by the hand of London's loyal mayor. It was on this spot, accursed bigotry led men to inflict tortures upon their fellow-men, because they were not all disposed to address the UNIVERSAL FATHER in precisely the same manner. It is here that riot and debauchery hold their annual revels, sacred to Saint Bartholomew. These, and a thousand other notable events, have combined to render Smithfield a place of great celebrity. It has, however, acquired the greatest and most unenviable notoriety from its beastly Monday and Friday markets, which are continually productive of scenes disgraceful to those who wear "the human form."
The bare idea of cattle-markets and slaughter-houses in the very heart of a crowded and populous city, is revolting, to say little of the personal inconvenience and dangers which are the necessary and inevitable consequences. The removal of this most intolerable nuisance has long been desired by a large majority of the citizens; but the few (comparatively speaking) whose interests are mixed up with its continuance, have hitherto opposed, with too much success, all attempts at reform. "The removal of the market was a matter of mammon, in which, even the fear of unwholesome meats and the preservation of the public health, were not duly considered. It was a question of finance, and humanity was but a feather in the balance; while the taunt, of London being behind Paris in the means of supplying its citizens with food, was borne in silence."
Private humanity and individual enterprize have removed many of the obstacles that appeared to oppose a change. An area of nearly fifteen acres, abutting on the Lower Road, Islington, near Ball's Pond Turnpike, has, as is already generally known, been enclosed by a substantial brick wall, about ten feet in height, within which are sheds on all the four sides. Each side is eight hundred feet long, and the span of the roofing to the sheds is twenty-five feet. The roofs rest on the enclosing walls outward, and on substantial piers within. These sheds are divided into pens or stalls, with yards or lairs before them in which the cattle may range. A road goes round on each side of the market, within the lairs before the stalls; and within this road are other yards or lairs, for cattle also, but these are without sheds. The remainder of the inner area is formed into pens for sheep. The centre of the inner area, a circle of 150 feet diameter, is intended for a sort of exchange for the meeting of salesmen, &c. The inner area is quadrated by roads crossing it at right angles, in a line with the entrance gateways. Drains and sewers run through the whole area, and there is much to admire in the arrangements and mechanism of the various fittings, especially in the mode that has been adopted for raising and distributing an abundant supply of that necessary element-water.
This is effected by two windmill-pumps, the construction of which is very ingenious, and the plan is such as might be adopted in many situations with peculiar advantage. The accompanying sketch will give a tolerable idea of the mechanism of these useful engines. In the centre of a stone building of a quadrangular form, is erected the pump a of cast iron, secured by strong iron braces, and carrying on a flange at its top, an iron frame b, which supports the crankshaft of the pump, c, and also the vane-axle d; ee are the vanes. A pinion f, on the vane-axle, takes into and drives a spur wheel on the crank-shaft of the pump, the piston being attached to the crank by slings, and the piston-rod working in a guide, which preserves its parallellism: g is a brake-wheel for impeding, or altogether stopping, the motion of the machine. The revolution of a set of small vanes h, causes the whole of the mechanism to rotate on the top of the pump, and continually occasions the large vanes e e to face the wind. A good well supplies each pump with water, which is from thence distributed by pipes into troughs in each of the cattleyards throughout the market.
I remain, Sir, Yours respectfully, WM. BADDELEY. April 17, 1837.

19 no
image
  Mill Row Kingsland smock mill
Details
Morning Herald (London), 26 April 1827
To MILLERS, FLOUR FACTORS, MEALMEN, and OTHERS.- CAPITAL WINDMILL, large Shed, DWELLING HOUSE, &c., KINGSLAND.- By Messrs. FAREBROTHER, WILSON, and LYE, at Garraway's, on Friday, May 4, at Twelve, in One Lot, late the Property of Mr. Charles Harland, deceased,
A POWERFUL SMOCK WINDMILL, with patent sails, most advantageously situate, being in MILL ROW, within 100 feet of the REGENT'S CANAL, and near to the bridge in KINGSLAND-ROAD. The MILL has been erected within a few years, in the best manner, and at a considerable expense; it is fitted up with two pair of French burr stones, but is capable of driving six pair. From the proximity of this mill to the metropolis it must always command a great share of business. It is now in excellent order, and immediate possession will be given. ALSO a LARGE SHED, and a small dwelling adjoining. The whole is held for an unexpired term of 50 years, at a trifling ground rent.- To be viewed till the sale, and particulars had, ten days previous, on the premises; at the Castle Coffeehouse, Mark-lane; of Mr. Davison, solicitor, 19, Bread-streat, Cheapside; at Garraway's; and at Messrs. Farebrother and Co.'s offices, 2, Lancaster. place, Strand.
20 no
image
#11444 Apothecaries Lambeth Tower mill  
(51.49517,-0.1118) (approximate location)
21 no
image
  Silk Mills Lewisham skeleton wind pump
Details

An engraving of the Lewisham silk mills shows 2 skeleton wind pumps along the river bank, presumably part of works to manage the water supply for the silk mills, where the river has likely been artificially diverted at this point.

22 no
image
    Limehouse
Details

The History of the Royal Society of Arts, Henry Trueman Wood, 1913

The first substitution of mechanical power for handwork in the timber trade in England is certainly due to the Society. A premium for a saw-mill was awarded to James Stansfield in 1761, and sums amounting in all to over £300 were given to him to help him in improving and working his mill. By the instrumentality of the Society Stansfield was also introduced to one Charles Dingley, who found the capital for setting up a mill at Limehouse which was driven by wind-power. This mill, after working a short time, suffered the usual fate of all mechanical improvements, and was destroyed by a mob, but the owner was compensated, the rioters punished, and the mill reinstated. For his services in the matter, a gold medal was awarded to Dingley. The backward state of English industry is shown by the fact that saw-mills worked by water and by wind had previously been in existence on the Continent, and even in America, though there seems reason to believe that Stansfield's was an improvement on the older types.

23 no
image
    Millbank post mill
Details [image]
24 no
image
    Millwall
Details [history]
25 no
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#11430   Mitcham Horizontal windmill  
26 #11437   Newgate Prison hollow post  
(51.51617,-0.1033) (approximate location)
27 no
image
#11441 Randall's Mill Nine Elms Tower mill  
(51.48422,-0.1291) (approximate location)
28 no
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#extra30 Winstanley's mathematical water-theatre Piccadilly  
29 no
image
    Romford post mill
Details

Chelmsford Chronicle, 14 January 1859

To Millers and Others.
TO BE SOLD, to be cleared away, all that valuable POST-WINDMILL, situate at the west-end of the Town of Romford, driving two pairs of French Stones, and patent Sails, or to be Let on Lease.- Apply to Mr. Pratt Collier, Romford, Essex.

30 no
image
#12683 Pigeon Mills Stratford Smock mill  
31 no
image
#12583   Sydenham Post mill  
(51.43116,-0.0622) (approximate location)
32 no
image
#12670   Walthamstow post mill  


Other Links


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Last updated 13/02/2026 Text and images © Mark Berry, 1997-2026 -